I knew it was costly to bring drugs to market but

I knew it was costly to bring drugs to market but that $2.5 billion doesn't apply to every drug. It might be accurate for major pharmaceutical companies as they say, but not for smaller ones. Smaller ones do not have $2.5 billion of resources and plenty of examples of what was needed to get to market.

I posted the research and links to all the companies GC referenced is his presentation and how much money they raised at IPO, but the links also had how much money they raised pre IPO and after. None of them were billions.

I bet you could bring a drug to market for $50-$100M, but it really depends on what the drug is, how many trials you need to go through, how complex those trials are, how long those trials are, and also how much as already been invested. Elto and ESS are not starting from square one so need less. MANF will need some substantial funding, but maybe piggyback on the success of CDNF.

The other thing is the $6M for Elto would be to get to the point where it could generate a lot of interest and investment. The examples GC pointed out did get substantial investment as different stage including a stage earlier than where the company is at. If you look at ESS, it's very much investible right now giving the success and long track record with patients as living proof.

If someone has time, they could star research how much was already investing in Elto and ESS. Even MANF when you look at it already has a ton invested in it given the research that is done so far at many institutions.

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And then there were those who felt the $1 billion figure was too high. The online publication Slatein a March 3, 2011 article titled "Drug Company R& Nowhere Near $1 billion" cited a study from the University of Medicines and Dentistry of New Jersey that the average cost of bringing a drug to market was "more like $55 million."

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