Record Seriousness of Water-Related Conflicts in 2023
Record Increase in Water-Related Violence
Violence over water resources increased dramatically in 2023, continuing a steep growth trend of such incidents over the past decade. This alarming trend includes attacks on water systems, unrest and disputes over the control of and access to water, and the use of water as a weapon in conflicts. The number of documented incidents has surged, with a remarkable 150% increase in 2023 compared to 2022—recording 347 events versus 231. This is a significant rise when considering that as recently as the year 2000, only 22 such incidents were recorded.
Comprehensive Update on Water Conflicts
The Pacific Institute, a noted global water think tank, has released a significant update to its Water Conflict Chronology, which stands as the world’s most comprehensive open-source database on water-related violence. The latest update introduces more than 300 new instances of violent conflicts associated with water resources. These incidents were identified from a wide array of news sources, eyewitness accounts, and existing conflict databases, thereby providing a thorough look at water-related violence. The release of updated data coincides with the world’s largest international conference on water.
Insights from Experts
Dr. Peter Gleick, Senior Fellow and co-founder of the Pacific Institute, noted the significant upswing in violence over water resources, attributing it to ongoing disputes over control and access to scarce water resources. He emphasized that water is crucial for modern society, and pressures continue to mount due to population growth and the severe impacts of climate change. Particularly concerning are the ongoing attacks on water systems in regions afflicted by war and violence such as the Middle East and parts of Europe.
Dangers of Current Water Conflict Trends
Morgan Shimabuku, Senior Researcher with the Pacific Institute, explained that the increase in these incidents signifies insufficient action towards ensuring equitable access to safe and sufficient water. He highlighted how the updated data illustrates a growing risk that climate change adds to already fragile political situations, making access to clean water increasingly unreliable in conflict zones.
Regional Trends in Water-Related Violence
In 2023, water conflicts were observed across all major regions worldwide. Violence over water in the Middle East, Southern Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa continues to dominate the records, following trends established in previous years. Conflicts in these regions have increased in all three categories: trigger events, casualties, and the use of water as a weapon. Notably, attacks on water systems and infrastructure constituted half of the incidents reported in 2023, while disputes over access and control represented 39%, and water was used as a weapon in 11% of cases.
Subnational Conflicts Escalating
Internal conflicts, particularly those between farmers and pastoralists in Africa or disputes among urban and rural water users, accounted for 62% of the events. Meanwhile, disputes involving two or more nations represented 38% of all recorded incidents.
Proposed Solutions and Policy Recommendations
Addressing the rising tide of water-related conflict requires a multifaceted approach. The Pacific Institute advocates for effective policies to equitably distribute and efficiently manage water resources. Proactive agreements over water sharing and joint management could resolve transboundary conflicts, as seen along rivers such as the Tigris and Euphrates. Implementing international laws to protect civilian infrastructure, including dams and pipelines, can also help preserve the essential rights to water access.
Urgency for Action
Dr. Gleick emphasizes the urgency to reduce the threat of water-related violence. He calls for resilient water policies ensuring safe and adequate sanitation for all and stresses the enforcement of existing international agreements to manage shared water resources. Addressing the looming threats brought about by extreme weather events, which are exacerbated by climate change, is vital for any effective long-term strategy.
Background on the Water Conflict Chronology
The Water Conflict Chronology represents the most extensive open-source database documenting instances of water-related violence. Since the Pacific Institute's inception in the 1980s, it has tracked verified cases where water and its management have triggered violence, served as a target, or been wielded as a weapon. The data, encompassing over 4,500 years of records, indicates a stark increase in water-related violence in recent decades.
Contact Information
For more information, interested parties can reach out to Dr. Peter Gleick, co-founder and Senior Fellow of the Pacific Institute at pgleick@pacinst.org or contact Dr. Amanda Bielawski, Director of Communications and Outreach, at abielawski@pacinst.org.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main finding regarding water violence in 2023?
2023 experienced a dramatic increase in incidents of violence over water resources, marking a 150% rise compared to the previous year.
What are the major regions affected by water-related violence?
Major regions affected include the Middle East, Southern Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, which have shown consistent trends of conflicts over water access and control.
What role does climate change play in water violence?
Climate change exacerbates tensions over water access by making reliable supplies less predictable in already fragile political environments.
How can water conflicts be addressed according to experts?
Experts suggest implementing equitable water-sharing policies, enhancing infrastructure protection laws, and improving management of resources through joint agreements.
Who can be contacted for more information about water conflict issues?
Dr. Peter Gleick and Dr. Amanda Bielawski of the Pacific Institute can provide additional insights and information regarding these issues.
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