Tumor cell irradiation further upregulated these

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Tumor cell irradiation further upregulated these markers in macrophages. After incubation of macrophages with MVC for 24 h, levels of M1 cytokines significantly increased, whereas those of M2 phenotype factors ARG1, TGF-β 1, and IL-10 decreased, accompanied by the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3).

Furthermore, our study revealed that the modulatory impact of MVC on macrophage polarization can in turn increase radiation sensitivity of hepatoma cells and promote tumor cell apoptosis. On the one hand, M2 macrophages can directly promote tumor cell growth by secreting cytokines such as IL-10.45 On the other hand, M2 macrophages can reduce the production of nitric oxide by blocking the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway, thereby inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis.46,47 Additionally, studies have proved that IL-10 in the culture supernatant of M2 macrophages induces the expression of the tumor cell antiapoptotic gene B lymphocyte tumor 2, leading to drug resistance of tumor cells.48 In our study, macrophages receiving MVC tended to have M1-like properties with a decreased level of IL-10 in the supernatant.
https://www.dovepress.com/blocking-the-ccl5cc...rticle-JHC

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For the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and receptors, the expression of 39 genes was undetected, the expression of 8 genes [NAMPT, interleukin-10 receptor B (IL-10RB), IL-16, IL-1RN, lymphotoxin β receptor (LTB), IL-15, IL-5RA, and IL-17c] was downregulated ≤-1.8, whereas only 1 gene (IL-27) was upregulated ≥+1.8 (P ≤ .05) in response to maraviroc treatment in vivo.

IL-10RB is upregulated in several cancer types and its activation has been linked to the development of immune tolerance. IL-10 is expressed in gastric cancer metastases, and a positive correlation exists between serum IL-10 levels and progression of cancers . Previous studies have shown that expression of cytokines with a Th1 signature (IL-2 and IFN-γ) is reduced in gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis as compared with cancers without metastasis.

In contrast, the expression of IL-10 is markedly increased in gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis. This unbalance between Th1/Th2 cytokines has been mechanistically linked to the high level of expression of RANTES and CCR5 in gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis, suggesting that RANTES/CCR5 axis might impair the regional immunity in these cancers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890714/

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