My guess is quantum dots in assays are only new in
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Dr Igor Medintz of the US NRL and others, as far back as 2004 were exploring this.
Luminescent Quantum Dot-Bioconjugates in Immunoassays, FRET, Biosensing, and Imaging Applications
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Hedi Mattoussi*, Igor L. Medintz, Aaron R. Clapp, ...
First Published February 1, 2004
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1016/S153...03-00083-2