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Types of Glaucoma Eye Drops
Prostaglandin analogs include Xalatan®, Lumigan®, and Travatan Z®, and they work by increasing the outflow of fluid from the eye. They have few systemic side effects but are associated with changes to the eye itself, including change in iris color and growth of eyelashes (see "Side Effects" below). Depending on the individual, one of these brands may be more effective and produce fewer side effects.
Beta blockers such as timolol are the second most often used class of medication and work by decreasing production of fluid. They are available in generic form and, therefore, are relatively inexpensive. Moreover, systemic side effects can be minimized by closing the eyes following application or using a technique called punctal occlusion that prevents the drug from entering the tear drainage duct and systemic circulation.
Alpha agonists (Alphagan®P, iopidine®) work to both decrease production of fluid and increase drainage. Alphagan P has a purite preservative that breaks down into natural tear components and may be more effective for people who have allergic reactions to preservatives in other eye drops. Alphagan is available in a generic form.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) reduce eye pressure by decreasing the production of intraocular fluid. These are available as eye drops (Trusopt®, Azopt™) as well as pills [Diamox® (acetazolamide) and Neptazane® (methazolamide)].
Side Effects of Glaucoma Medications
Following are potential side effects of the most commonly prescribed types of glaucoma medications.
Prostaglandin Analogs: possible changes in eye color and eyelid skin, stinging, blurred vision, eye redness, itching, burning.
Beta Blockers: low blood pressure, reduced pulse rate, fatigue, shortness of breath; rarely: reduced libido, depression.
Alpha Agonists: burning or stinging, fatigue, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth and nose, relatively higher likelihood of allergic reaction.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: in eye drop form: stinging, burning, eye discomfort; in pill form: tingling hands and feet, stomach upset, memory problems, depression, frequent urination.
http://www.glaucoma.org/treatment/glaucoma-me...ffects.php