Craig — stocks follow sentiment; biology follows data.

Here are primary sources on CCR5 biology and clinical signals across multiple disease areas. If you think “the world doesn’t believe in the science,” show contrary data—peer-reviewed, not vibes.

Pulmonary COVID-19 / ECMO case (UK):
• Case report: Critically ill patient on ECMO ~80 days received leronlimab, weaned off ECMO within ~5 days, later discharged. Peer-reviewed, PubMed Central. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7985604/ [oai_citation:0‡PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7985604/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Pulmonary COVID-19 / Solid-organ transplant (Montefiore/Eintein team incl. Seethamraju):
• NEJM correspondence (kidney transplant recipients): six severely ill patients received the CCR5 inhibitor leronlimab on compassionate use. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2011117 [oai_citation:1‡New England Journal of Medicine](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2011117?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
• Montefiore/Eintein announcement of two FDA-cleared trials (mild–moderate and severe). https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/a-pr...63687.html [oai_citation:2‡PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/a-promising-drug-for-the-treatment-of-severe-lung-inflammation-in-covid-19-patients-montefiore-einstein-scientists-lead-two-trials-of-leronlimab-301063687.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
• CD10 lung-transplant subset analysis (trial context). https://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498...0905-0/pdf [oai_citation:3‡JHLT Online](https://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498%2821%2900905-0/pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Infectious diseases Mechanism in COVID-19 (CCL5/CCR5 axis):
• Preprint with translational data showing CCL5/CCR5 disruption restores immune homeostasis and reduces plasma viral load in critical COVID-19. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.....full-text [oai_citation:4‡MedRxiv](https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.20084673v1.full-text?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Neuro Neuroinflammation / Neurology:
• Review: CCR5 antagonists (e.g., maraviroc) show neuroprotective potential in MS and other neuroinflammatory settings. Nature Reviews Neurology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26782333/ [oai_citation:5‡PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26782333/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
• 2025 review: CCR5 in dementia—CCR5 inactivation/deficiency may reduce inflammation and improve cognition. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12283282/ [oai_citation:6‡PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12283282/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Cancer Oncology (CCR5 axis in cancer):
• 2024 J Immunother Cancer: CCR5/CCL5 axis in metastatic colorectal cancer—links to prognosis and tumor microenvironment; therapeutic rationale for CCR5 blockade. https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/5/e008722 [oai_citation:7‡Journals of the BMJ](https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/5/e008722?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
• 2024/2023 peer-reviewed work shows CCR5 expression correlates with poor outcomes across tumors; CCR5 antagonism suppresses growth/metastasis in preclinical models. Examples: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73251-9 ; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article...3524000296 ; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11797508/ [oai_citation:8‡Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73251-9?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Fibrosis / MASLD-MASH:
• Human biomarker study: CCR5 mutation or pharmacologic blockade associated with improved hepatic fibrosis markers. Hepatology Communications. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6784280/ [oai_citation:9‡PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6784280/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
• 2024 expert review: “Fatty liver disease—time to target CCR5?” synthesizes animal & human evidence linking CCR5 to inflammatory/fibrotic pathways in NAFLD/MASH. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/...24.2366880 (PDF: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1...4.2366880) [oai_citation:10‡Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14728222.2024.2366880?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

GastroIBD / Gut inflammation:
• Mechanistic overviews noting CCR5’s role in intestinal inflammation; preclinical amelioration with CCR5 blockade. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunolo...56691/full ; https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/article/12/...41/4904206 ; 2025 UC-specific CCL5/CCR5 review: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article...4924000947 [oai_citation:11‡Frontiers](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.956691/full?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Real world data Named patient stories (UCLA):
• Samantha Mottet (Seal Beach) — multiple outlets reported Dr. Otto Yang (UCLA) obtained emergency use of leronlimab; she credits it with survival.
– CBS Los Angeles: https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/coron...eronlimab/ and https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/covid...eronlimab/
– Spectrum News 1: https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/southern-califor...9-recovery [oai_citation:12‡CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/coronavirus-survivor-leronlimab/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Bottom line: CCR5 is a validated immunologic switch across inflammation, fibrosis, neuroinflammation, and the tumor microenvironment. Clinical signals (case reports, compassionate use, subsets) align with mechanism. Price quotes don’t nullify biology. If you’ve got peer-reviewed data contradicting any of the above, post it.