"The same is taking place in Ghana and Sierra Leone" Not sure about Ghana, but to say the same is taking place in SL is probably not accurate. The Mines Warden is the enforcer of any violation or complaint regarding people operating illegally on a concession. They are fairly quick in booting someone off property where they don't belong. The Chinese have recently (in the last year) taken a different tact. What they do now is hang out at the Geological Survey office waiting to hear about companies who have not paid their concession fee when due. Than they petition the Minister of Mineral resources to allow them to apply for the property that is delinquent in payment. It's a much more effective method, and by the way, is the same method Allied used to secure the current concession from Northern Star aka SGCP.