“Research Briefing
Published: 12 February 2026
PD-1 blockade reprograms antiviral immunity and reduces the HIV reservoir
Nature Medicine volume 32, pages 425–426 (2026)Cite this article
PD-1 blockade reprograms both innate and adaptive immunity in people living with HIV and cancer, inducing interferon-driven antiviral responses that reduce the HIV reservoir. A pre-existing type I interferon signature predicts reservoir decline, whereas high TGFβ signaling opposes it, defining immune states that influence the outcome of PD-1 therapy.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04152-1