I think this is what CPS means: AI Overview Le

I think this is what CPS means:

AI Overview
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Combined Positive Score (CPS)
The Combined Positive Score (CPS) is a metric used in immunotherapy for cancer to assess the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and immune cells. It is a key factor in determining eligibility for immunotherapy treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Calculation of CPS
CPS is calculated by counting the number of PD-L1-positive tumor cells and immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) in a tumor sample and dividing this number by the total number of viable tumor cells. The formula is:
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CPS = (Number of PD-L1-positive tumor cells + Number of PD-L1-positive immune cells) / (Total number of viable tumor cells) x 100 [8, 9, 10]
Interpretation of CPS
CPS is typically expressed as a percentage. Higher CPS scores indicate a higher level of PD-L1 expression in the tumor. The cutoff values for CPS that are used to determine immunotherapy eligibility vary depending on the specific cancer type and treatment regimen. For example, for non-small cell lung cancer, a CPS score of ≥1 is considered positive.
Clinical Significance
CPS is a valuable prognostic marker for immunotherapy response in several cancer types. Patients with higher CPS scores are more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab. CPS can also help to guide treatment decisions and monitor treatment effectiveness.
Limitations
CPS has some limitations, including:
Variability in interpretation between pathologists
Dependence on the quality of the tumor sample
Potential for false-positive or false-negative results
Conclusion
CPS is a widely used metric for assessing PD-L1 expression in cancer and guiding immunotherapy decisions. It is important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper interpretation and clinical application of CPS.
Additional Notes
There are different methods for calculating CPS, and the specific method used may vary depending on the laboratory.
CPS is not the only factor that determines immunotherapy eligibility. Other factors, such as patient characteristics and tumor type, are also
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This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes.