Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and ActiPatch are di

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and ActiPatch are distinct approaches to stimulating the vagus nerve, with VNS being an implanted device that delivers electrical pulses and ActiPatch being a topical device using high-frequency electromagnetic waves. VNS is primarily used for treating conditions like refractory epilepsy and depression, while ActiPatch is an over-the-counter device for chronic pain management.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS):
Mechanism: VNS involves implanting a device near the collarbone and connecting it to the vagus nerve. The device delivers electrical pulses to the vagus nerve, which then transmits signals to the brain.
Applications: VNS is approved for treating refractory epilepsy and depression. It is also being investigated for other conditions like autoimmune diseases and heart failure.
Delivery: The stimulation is achieved through a surgically implanted device.

ActiPatch:
Mechanism:
ActiPatch uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to stimulate nerves and modulate pain signals.

Applications:
ActiPatch is commercially available as an over-the-counter device for managing chronic pain.

Delivery:
ActiPatch is a topical device that is applied to the skin over the area of pain.

Key Differences:
Implantation:
VNS requires surgical implantation of a device, while ActiPatch is a topical device.

Mechanism of Action:
VNS uses electrical pulses, while ActiPatch uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
FDA Approval:
VNS is approved for specific conditions (refractory epilepsy and depression), while ActiPatch is an over-the-counter device for pain management.