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skipper1072
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From Reddit (r/Livimmune):

r/Livimmune

4 days ago
MGK_2

Watchful Waiting

Despite the laxity of actual news, I think either the GF or GSK has CytoDyn's back, and very possibly both. We wait for things to happen.

When things do happen, they shall happen rapidly. It all comes together at once. Yeah, we have clues along the way, that are pointing to it, but really, nothing has become crystal clear.

CytoDyn has to have made connections with the GF and with GSK. We've said already, the GF wants the cure to HIV.

Originally, way back in July of 2022, Jonah Sacha was awarded a $5 million grant towards,

"Evolving Novel AAV Vectors for Gene Therapy to Cure HIV
PROJECT SUMMARY With the most people ever in history currently living with HIV, stopping the HIV epidemic remains imperative. Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) limits viral replication, but is not curative. Thus, there is an urgent need to design a functional cure via elimination of the viral reservoir. Timothy Brown, aka the Berlin Patient, and Adam Castillejo, aka the London patient, were cured of HIV following leukemia-related, MHC-matched, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a CCR5-deficient donor. While a CCR5-deficient immune system can demonstrably yield a functional HIV cure, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not scalable to the general population and alternate approaches are needed. We have demonstrated that the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab can pharmacologically mimic a CCR5 deficient donor by occupying all available CCR5 molecules. In order to deliver Leronlimab as a gene therapy option, new delivery modalities are needed. Here, we are proposing to utilize our novel directed evolution technique to generate AAV vectors specific for T and B cells. These novel AAV vectors will facilitate in vivo delivery of Leronlimab expression here, but more importantly will support the future use of other anti-HIV approaches including CRISPR-Cas9, chimeric antigen receptors, and broadly neutralizing antibodies by delivering these therapeutics to the relevant immune cell type. In specific aim 1, we will generate and characterize AAV bearing capsids that target T and B cells specifically across both macaques and humans. In aim 2, we will demonstrate proof-of-concept utility of these new AAVs by delivering Leronlimab to SHIV-infected, ART suppressed macaques to determine if a functional cure can be achieved with this approach. This work would expand our knowledge of the mechanism of HIV cure by showing the utility of long-term antibody-based competitive CCR5 inhibition and establish a new set of AAV vectors to support in vivo delivery of anti-HIV therapeutics."
Two years later, in July of 2024, Jonah Sacha presented this Abstract at the AIDS 2024 Conference. In the conclusion of the abstract, he writes:

"...Overall, these data demonstrate the potential of AAV vectors for sustained antibody-based CCR5 blockade as a gene therapy approach for long-term ART-free HIV remission."
Then, a few months after that, on November 28, 2024, Jonah Sacha had US-20240392014-A1 patented.

"AAV-MEDIATED EXPRESSION OF LONG-ACTING ANTI-CCR5 BINDING AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV"
6 weeks after that, in middle January, 2025, Bill Gates has a positive discussion with DJT which includes talks on the HIV Cure.

"0:33 BG: I spoke a lot about HIV and that the foundation's literally working on a a cure for that. We are at an early stage and so, you know, in the COVID days, accelerated the vaccine innovation, so I was asking him if maybe the same kind of thing could be done here and we both got I think pretty excited about that."
About 5 weeks following that interview, on February 21, 2025, The Gates Foundation awarded Jonah Sacha this $966,600 grant.

"to support a comprehensive analysis approach of the HIV reservoir that will provide significant insights into the mechanisms of antiretroviral therapy rebound, contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies"
Does the GF have CytoDyn's back? At least on the HIV front? When it comes to finding the HIV Cure via AAV Gene Therapy, or through learning more about the HIV Reservoir, seems to me they are backing CytoDyn's efforts.

With regards to mTNBC, for a horribly run clinical trial, CytoDyn has some awesome results in their mTNBC clinical trial. So much so that,

"Based on these survival observations, the Company has initiated two pre-clinical studies in mTNBC that will evaluate possible treatment synergies between leronlimab, an antibody-drug complex treatment (sacituzumab govitecan), and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (pembrolizumab). The Company will also continue to perform follow-up testing on the group of mTNBC survivors who currently identify as having no evidence of ongoing disease."
This continued effort is necessary to further develop the mTNBC indication. Ironically, the combination of leronlimab with Gilead's sacituzumab govitecan might prove to be a synergistic treatment. The fact that they want to combine leronlimab with Merck's Keytruda, pembrolizumab, brings me way back to when Cyrus mentioned this happening at MD Anderson. Maybe, that murine study found evidence that there was benefit to this combination despite leronlimab's own capacity to indirectly block PD-1 by directly blocking PD-L1.

"These are both areas where checkpoint inhibitors have failed to show efficacy when added to a standard-of-care backbone, Arman said, adding that leronlimab has shown positive signals in both.
“From a mechanistic standpoint, we believe we could get a synergistic effect with a checkpoint inhibitor,” he said.
Leronlimab is currently being trialed in combination with Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in a breast cancer xenograft model in partnership with MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Arman said CytoDyn expects to observe an enhanced anti-tumor effect from the combination and identify immunological biomarkers."
On the MASH front, it was recently determined that leronlimab breaks down fibrosis of any etiology. We know that if this was determined to be true, then a Pulmonary Fibrosis Pilot Trial would be initiated. Please re-read Goodness Gracious, GF or GSK?, it has many points that I don't want to repeat.

"As a side note, we have been contacted by colleagues at a major academic institution who indicated that, if the liver fibrosis reversal results are confirmed in the follow-up studies, they would be interested in funding a pilot study of leronlimab in the treatment of patients with pulmonary fibrosis at their own center."
Essentially, as a result of the findings of the most recent murine study which are stated here:

"The third study, concluded in January 2025, [resulting in a p-value across all 3 studies < 0.01] evaluated reversal of liver fibrosis in mice who received carbon tetrachloride, a liver fibrosis-inducing agent, from birth to sacrifice at day 35.
“The management of patients with advanced liver fibrosis due to a variety of etiologies is an area of enormous unmet need in the field of hepatology. The results of these three preclinical studies support both the biologic activity and potential clinical benefit of leronlimab’s ability to bind to CCR5 receptors on hepatic stellate cells, leading to a reversal of established liver fibrosis,” said Melissa Palmer, MD FAASLD, the Company’s Lead Consultant in Hepatology."
we can therefore make the assumption that the Pulmonary Fibrosis Pilot trial is a GO. I really love this trenddetector!! GSK teams up with the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) at Boston University and Boston Medical Center. This Pilot Trial was contingent upon the determination of the fact that leronlimab certainly is capable of removing fibrosis regardless of its etiology, p-value < 0.01.

So, on many fronts, GSK might be eyeing up possibilities. In HIV, in MASH, in Fibrosis, how about in Oncology? Recently Max Lataillade had some nice things to say in this regard:

From Max Latest Update

"Congratulations Richard Pestell on the encouraging survival outcomes among a group of patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) treated with Leronlimab. CytoDyn (OTCQB: CYDY) reports encouraging survival rates for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) patients treated with leronlimab, with some showing no evidence of disease after 36 months. The company has submitted findings to ESMO 2025 and launched new pre-clinical studies exploring treatment synergies with sacituzumab govitecan and pembrolizumab. These results suggest further studies with Leronlimab are warranted to evaluate this drug as a potential treatment option for mTNBC and possibly colorectal cancer as well. Keep up the good work."
and from Max's Prior Update

"While I am not an oncology expert, my background is in infectious diseases and HIV, with a deep understanding of immunology and extensive experience in drug development. When evaluating new approaches to treatment and cure, I focus on the mechanism of action (MOA), how well it addresses the underlying process, and, most importantly, how inhibiting that process meets unmet medical needs. This perspective is what makes CCR5 inhibition-particularly with agents like Leronlimab so intriguing in metastatic colorectal cancer and triple negative breast cancer."
From A Panoramic View:

"...so if it were to be done in conjunction with another PD-1 blockade, then GSK could also be in the picture considering their 100% effective performance in mCRC with their dolstarlimab or Jemperli.

This dolstarlimab GSK study was performed only in patients with a certain genetic defect which thereby eliminated 96% of patients with mCRC from even being eligible for their very limited and specific patient population trial:

"all of the tumors had a gene mutation that prohibited cells from repairing DNA damage. These mutations are found in 4% of cancer patients. Pembrolizumab, a Merck checkpoint inhibitor, was given to patients in that experiment for up to two years. In around one-third to one-half of the patients, tumors shrunk or stabilized, and they survived longer. Tumors eliminated in 10% of those who took part in the study. The experiment needs to be duplicated in a much larger study, according to the researchers, who point out that the current study only looked at individuals with a unique genetic signature in their tumors."
Maybe, if GSK wanted to partner, leronlimab would make it possible for Jemperli to treat even those without that unique genetic signature. Leronlimab potentially could allow GSK's PD-1 blockade Jemperli to expand its reach in mCRC from only 4% of the MSS mCRC patient population who do have that genetic mutation to 100% of the MSS type mCRC tumors.

How close is Jonah to transferring his AAV Gene Therapy from Macaque to Human? From Above:

"In specific aim 1, we will generate and characterize AAV bearing capsids that target T and B cells specifically across both macaques and humans."
How does HIV come to an end? The GF is already getting involved. Does GSK with ViiV get involved? Does the new DJT administration get involved? CytoDyn's Jonah Sacha remains at the heart of this question.

On the question of the effectivity of Gilead's Trodelvy combined with leronlimab. It will probably end up being an excellent combination, more effective than either drug alone. Right now, leronlimab is better than Trodelvy, (sacituzumab govitecan), but the combination will likely be better than leronlimab alone. What then? Would CytoDyn ever conjoin with its arch nemesis? If they did, Gilead would exploit leronlimab for every indication even remotely possible.

In this time of watchful waiting, we can see that regatherings, meetings and preparations are being made in consideration of future actions. As things develop, CytoDyn might choose to delve deeper or to shy away from one indication towards another. Certainly, CytoDyn is focusing on indications which are currently Unmet.

When it comes to the new DJT administration, when they begin paying for ART again, they will urge the GF on the progress of that HIV Cure. CytoDyn has their backing, but CytoDyn needs even more assistance, and DJT provides it. Sacha needs every one of his questions answered, as many as is possible. There may be some indications that CytoDyn is willing to let go of, but they shall never let go of HIV Cure or even a possible cure to mTNBC. These indications are worth way too much not to protect completely with Patents and are too valuable not to develop and pursue. What ever it takes to preserve these shall be done.

Soon AAV Gene therapy moves soon to humans while the murine testing in mTNBC has also begun. They are way ahead of what they announce. Those results shall come soon. Along with the results of a GBM murine study - probably finished by now. Although the timing is soon, we still need to wait. Who gets involved with CytoDyn when all of this comes out? They will announce who. GBM and mTNBC are oncology, so I'm thinking GSK. AAV Gene therapy is HIV, so that could be GF and/ or GSK. But what if the combination of G's SOC + leronlimab exceeds either drug alone? Does G counter? G is in HIV and they are in oncology.

Bill Gates could want to be involved with Alzheimer's Disease treatment. Well, CytoDyn has a clinical Pilot Trial initiating soon by an unknown sponsor. Many believe it to be the GF.

"We all know that Gates' father died of Alzheimer's Disease and for that reason, Gates could opt to take on CytoDyn's Alzheimer's Disease Indication under the partnership's umbrella. Therefore, Gates could usher along the FDA approvals of the Alzheimer's Disease Pilot Trial's protocol. In general, Gates could search out CytoDyn's road blocks and dismantle them.
So, there are many reasons why the GF could choose to step in, at least in part, to help inch along some of these slow moving processes. The GF could have been taking some of these steps in the prior 2 months, the period since that last Letter To Shareholders. Therefore, we may learn of the status of some of these possibilities in the coming PR, hopefully coming this week or next, 2 months following the last letter, but again, to be safe, by end of 1st quarter."
If leronlimab does well against this disease, the GF might want to develop leronlimab for both Alzheimer's Disease and HIV. What about oncology? What about fibrosis?

Is CytoDyn just up for the pickins? Why is that? Because everybody wants a piece of leronlimab, but nobody admits it and because, CytoDyn can't lift itself up out of this quagmire solely based on leronlimab's success profile without the help of BP or the GF. We don't know yet. So we need time, so we need to be patient and wait. Nothing is standing still. Nobody is idle. We know it is moving forward. We just don't know what shall happen or when.

I can tell you that if G puts in a bid for CytoDyn, share price goes into the stratosphere. It would explode. If CytoDyn accepts the offer, share price settles to the agreed upon value. Leronlimab would take on a whole new meaning. It looks like something is coming down the road. Maybe not too far away.

CytoDyn Inc (CYDY) Stock Research Links

CYDY Board Company Profile Buy Rating Time & Sales News Filings Financials
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