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This list appears to detail various molecules, proteins, and pathways with their respective effects and regulations, often associated with chemokines (like CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, etc.) and their related signaling pathways. The list indicates whether each item is upregulated [+] or downregulated [-] in response to these chemokines or other related regulatory mechanisms.
To understand this in a broader context, it can be broken down into categories such as:
Inflammatory Markers and Immune Response
a1-antitrypsin [+]: This protein inhibits proteases and is often increased to counteract inflammation.
ADA2 [-]: ADA2 plays a role in regulating immune response by affecting migration to injury sites.
ASC proteins [-]: Involved in inflammasome assembly, downregulated via NLRP3.
IL-1b [-], IL-6 [-], TNF-a [-]: Major inflammatory cytokines, indicating their suppression.
Signaling Pathways
AMPK [+]: An energy sensor that can have anti-inflammatory effects.
Akt [-], mTORc1 [-]: Key signaling molecules in cell growth and metabolism, indicating inhibition.
NF-kB [-]: A transcription factor critical for inflammation, showing inhibition.
PI3K [-], MAPK [-]: Pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and inflammation, indicating downregulation.
Chemokines and Receptors
CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 [-]: Chemokines involved in recruiting immune cells to sites of inflammation or injury.
CCR1 [-], CXCR4 [-]: Chemokine receptors, showing reduced expression or activity.
Apoptosis and Cell Death
Caspase-1 [-], Caspase-3 [-], Caspase-9 [-]: Key enzymes in the apoptosis pathway, indicating reduced activity.
Bcl-2 [-]: An anti-apoptotic protein, indicating downregulation.
Metabolic Pathways
GLUT-1 [-]: A glucose transporter, indicating reduced glucose uptake.
HIF-1a [-], HIF-2a [-]: Hypoxia-inducible factors, indicating reduced activity in low oxygen conditions.
Cell Cycle Regulation
CDK2 [-], CDK4 [-], CDK6 [-]: Cyclin-dependent kinases, indicating inhibition of cell cycle progression.
p21 [+], p27 [+], p53 [+]: Tumor suppressors, showing upregulation.
Neurotrophic Factors and Neuroinflammation
BDNF [+]: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, indicating increased support for neuron survival and growth.
CREB [+]: A transcription factor involved in neuronal plasticity and survival.
Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion
MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, etc.) [-]: Matrix metalloproteinases, indicating reduced degradation of the extracellular matrix.
ICAM-1 [-], VCAM-1 [-]: Adhesion molecules, showing reduced expression.
Lipid Metabolism
LDL [-], HDL [+]: Indicators of lipid metabolism, with LDL showing reduction and HDL showing increase.
Miscellaneous
NOS [-], NO [-]: Nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, indicating reduced production.
Prostaglandin D2 [-]: A lipid mediator, indicating decreased synthesis.
If you need more specific details or further clarification on any particular part of this list, feel free to ask!