From a neighbor's analysis: The content of spik
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The content of spike protein mRNA in a vaccine dose has always been higher for Moderna than for Pfizer, although the difference is less now than originally:
Original vaccines: Moderna 100 vs. Pfizer 30 micrograms mRNA.
Booster shots: Moderna 50 vs. Pfizer 30 micrograms mRNA.
The 2023 vaccine (not a booster): Moderna 50 vs. Pfizer 30 micrograms mRNA. I was not able to find an article with this information, but I found it by downloading the package inserts of each vaccine and looking at the fine print to find the micrograms/dose.
The original Moderna vaccine was definitely more effective and effective longer than the Pfizer vaccine because of the 3.3x higher mRNA amount/dose. But with the 2023 vaccine the difference is probably minimal as the Moderna/Pfizer ratio is only 1.67.
Note that the articles cited in that link are from 2021 and likely (I did not check the actual primary sources) are based on the original formulations of vaccines. The original Moderna vaccine had twice as much mRNA as the current "updated 2023-2024"version has. So 2021 data is likely less useful for comparisons than newer data might be, if there is any, especially in people.
Secondly, T-cell immunity is as important as antibody-based immunity, if not more important, in protecting against disease. There seems to be much less T-cell data generated and/or available. Information response to vaccination that I have seen is generally based on antibody responses.
There seems to be limited new data available about the response in people to the newest vaccines.