Blockade of CCR-5 downregulates GM-CSF. GM-CSF can

Blockade of CCR-5 downregulates GM-CSF. GM-CSF can boost cytokines but there have been a few reports that GM-CSF self regulates downward as inflammation goes critical. GM-CSF inhibitors that totally block it should not be used in very early stages because complete GM-CSF blockade can mute the immune system to the point that viral replication is unchecked.