5. CONCLUSION At the time we used leronlimab for

5. CONCLUSION
At the time we used leronlimab for the treatment of COVID-19, reported outcomes were limited to eIND patients. Subcutaneous administration of leronlimab was safe and may have been associated with remarkable recoveries in the four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, two of whom went on to be discharged from hospital while the other two died of surgical complications after their initial recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCR5 receptor blockade with leronlimab was associated with a statistically significant decrease in IL-6 (p=0.034) and restoration of the immune function as measured by CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. The newest literature supports the use of a CCR5 or CCR1 receptor antagonist for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.[40] All four of our patients clinically improved, but unfortunately two died of surgical procedures unrelated to the use of leronlimab. None of the patients that have received leronlimab developed DVT, and all of the patients requiring hemodialysis were no longer dialysis dependent at the time of discharge. Leronlimab is currently being studied in multi- center, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trials in the US in patients with critical SARS-CoV-2 infection.[51] The previous clinical trial to treat patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in NEWS2 assessment compared to placebo.[36] In this trial leronlimab was also associated with fewer

and less severe adverse events than placebo. Emergency use authorization is currently pending as well as forthcoming Phase 3 clinical trial data.

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