So patient 4... Just to Clarify.. Reduction o

So patient 4... Just to Clarify..

Reduction of CAML cells which are Circulating Cancer-Associated Macrophage-Like Cells. The key here is also the EMT cells. EMT cells are fascinating!

All 4 patients reported 0 EMT cells. <-- THIS IS KEY!!!!


The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during normal embryonic development, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, and wound healing. It is a highly dynamic process, by which epithelial cells can convert into a mesenchymal phenotype.


Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a biological process that allows a polarized epithelial cell, which normally interacts with basement membrane via its basal surface and with surrounding cells, to undergo multiple biochemical changes that enable it to assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype. This phenotype includes enhanced migratory capacity, invasiveness, elevated resistance to apoptosis, and greatly increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components [10]. The completion of an EMT event is signaled by the degradation of underlying basement membrane and the formation of a mesenchymal stem cell that can migrate away from the epithelial layer from which it originated [11]. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key mechanism for the spread of cancer cells which undergo changes that enable them to detach from surrounding cells and become mobile [12–15]. Cells that have undergone EMT are particularly prevalent in patients with BC and OC.