Good Riddance Winnie Mandela: In 1986, her de
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In 1986, her defiant rhetoric caused alarm around the world as she appeared to endorse violent methods to achieve freedom for black South Africans.
“We have no guns — we have only stones, boxes of matches and petrol,” she said at a rally in Soweto. “Together, hand in hand, with our boxes of matches and our necklaces, we shall liberate this country.”
"Necklacing" was a method of torture and murder used on suspected police informants, where a tire filled with gasoline was forced around a person's body and set on fire.
In 1997, her bodyguard from the 1980s, Jerry Richardson, told South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Committee that he beat, tortured and killed people whenever she told him to. His boss sometimes participated in the beatings, Richardson said. Madikizela-Mandela denied the murder allegations, but later apologized to the families of two of the victims.
She was convicted and sentenced to six years in prison for two of the deaths, but the sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal.
In 2003, she was sentenced to four years in prison on dozens of counts of theft and bank fraud. A judge ruled that she profited from loans to poor people who could not get them without a letter from her.
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