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It is true that Apple acquired Invisage, wow, the video image used by quantum film is stunning with crispy image and infinity contrast even in low light condition. QMC's film partners will be busy supplying the world's cheapest Quantumfilm to Apple at highest quality.
QD application products are emerging in a chain reaction.
https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/09/apple-has-a...hnologies/
QuantumFilm
Learn more about InVisage’s QuantumFilm™ technology and how it works.
Until now, customers have paid a price in image quality for the convenience of a camera in our pockets, but InVisage has made a step change in image sensor technology that will illuminate your photographs like never before. Traditional image sensors—particularly those used in today’s smartphones—struggle to produce good images in low light and are sensitive to a relatively limited range of wavelengths. InVisage’s QuantumFilm captures experiences with unprecedented accuracy, and in a fundamentally new way.
The QuantumFilm™ Image Sensor
QuantumFilm is a photosensitive layer that relies on InVisage’s newly invented class of materials to absorb light; specifically, the new material is made up of quantum dots, nanoparticles that can be dispersed to form a grid once they are synthesized. Just like paint, this dispersion of solid materials can be coated onto a substrate and allowed to dry.
The unprecedented light sensitivity and customizability of QuantumFilm set InVisage’s image sensor apart from traditional CMOS image sensors. Conventional sensors rely on a photosensitive layer made of silicon that also incorporates the circuitry necessary to read the electric output from the detected photons, as well as barriers isolating each pixel in order to prevent crosstalk. This means both less room for light sensing and less room for electric storage. InVisage has designed an innovative image sensor architecture with a dedicated QuantumFilm layer in order to maximize light sensing capability.
In a QuantumFilm pixel, light passes through the color filter array, and is then detected by the quantum dots in the QuantumFilm layer. The metal wiring represents the sensor’s electrical circuitry. The higher positioning of the photosensitive layer allows the QuantumFilm pixel to detect more photons, store more electrons (and therefore more photographic information), and reproduce colors more accurately—all with a thinner camera module.
A Revolutionary Light Absorbing Material
Across the visible spectrum, QuantumFilm™ absorbs the same amount of light as silicon in a layer ten times thinner. Silicon was designed to be an excellent electronic material, but its light absorption is inefficient: it is an excellent conductor of electrons, but a weak absorber of red light. Because of silicon’s indirect bandgap, light must pass through a thick layer of silicon before it can pass its energy to silicon’s electrons, and this leads to less efficient transfer of energy from light to the semiconductor. QuantumFilm’s bandgap is direct, so light passes its energy rapidly and efficiently to the electrons in QuantumFilm like a seamless hand-off of a baton in a relay race. This leads to a fast and efficient rate of conversion of light to an electrical signal, giving QuantumFilm superior quantum efficiency.
A Dedicated Photosensitive Layer
In InVisage’s QuantumPixel, light sensing is elevated to a new plane: the top surface of the wafer. InVisage coats the top surface of the silicon chip with QuantumFilm. In contrast to traditional CMOS sensors, which contain a silicon layer responsible for both light sensing and electronic read-out functions, and therefore can only absorb light with a limited area, QuantumFilm enables 100% fill factor (the light sensitive area to total area ratio in a pixel) because it is continuous—the entire area of the imaging array is occupied by a medium whose sole purpose is light sensing. This supplements QuantumFilm’s enhanced rate of light absorption and electron transport. The QuantumFilm sensor stores a high percentage of photons as electrons at different wavelengths. This measurement, called quantum efficiency, is a key indicator of image sensor sensitivity.
A Size-Tunable Material
InVisage optimizes QuantumFilm for customer-driven applications by adjusting the size of our quantum dots. This change in size affects QuantumFilm’s bandgap—the energy required for a photon to excite an electron from its valence band to its conduction band. A smaller bandgap increases sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light, whose photons have less energy. As dot size increases, QuantumFilm’s bandgap decreases and it becomes more sensitive to infrared light in addition to visible light. Using this process, we tune for the exact wavelength at which light absorption and sensing should stop for a particular application.
