Farrell had a good post: farrell90 Member Level

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farrell90 Member Level Monday, 05/29/17 09:40:30 PM
Re: None
Post # of 183647

The oncology news of the week was {Merck} Keytruda's approval for cancers with the same genetic defect. All previous approvals were for the initial site of origin of the cancer.

The implication for cancer care and so called precision cancer care is huge. It is now possible for companies to apply to the FDA for approval of treating cancers with the same genetic defect without the expense and delay of doing multiple FDA studies for each site of origin.

Patients are big winners too. They can now have access to the most up to date treatment without years of delay.

The next question is could this precedent apply to Kevetrin. Will the FDA consider P53 dysfunction, mutant P53,a genetic marker for cancer? Could this be a factor in the current FDA stage 2 a study which hopes to prove Kevetrin's mechanism of action? Will the FDA stage 2 a study lay the ground work for such approval. Is this the real reason the initial stage 2 Kevetrin trial was delayed.

If Kevetrin is given this type of approval it will save millions of dollars in studies and shorten the time to approval for treatment of scores of cancers.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-merck-co-f...SKBN18J2T9


HEALTH NEWS | Tue May 23, 2017 | 6:16pm EDT
FDA clears Merck's Keytruda based on cancer genetics, not location
By Bill Berkrot
Merck & Co's immunotherapy Keytruda on Tuesday became the first cancer drug ever approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration based on a patients' specific genetic traits, regardless of where in the body the disease originated.

The approval marks a major step in so-called precision medicine, where genetic biomarkers may determine the course of therapy rather than the type of cancer. The hope is that advanced genetic information will one day be able to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from a specific treatment.

"Until now, the FDA has approved cancer treatments based on where in the body the cancer started - for example, lung or breast cancers," said Richard Pazdur, head of oncology products for the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Merck shares rose about 1 percent to $64.65.

The accelerated approval was for solid tumor cancers not eligible for surgery or that have spread in patients identified as having a biomarker called microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR).

Tumors with those traits are most common in colorectal, endometrial and gastrointestinal cancers, but may also appear in cancers of the breast, prostate, bladder, pancreas, thyroid gland and others.

Dr. Drew Pardoll, director of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute that designed and led the trial that led to the historic approval, called it "a marriage of cancer genetics and cancer immunology."

Patients whose tumors are laden with the genetic defect have an abundance of abnormal proteins that look more foreign to immune cells, triggering them to search out and destroy the cancer cells.

Keytruda belongs to a new class of drugs called PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors that block a mechanism tumors use to evade detection from cancer-fighting cells. There are now five such drugs available for a variety of cancers.

"This was one of those eureka trials where it didn't take a lot of patients to see this was going to be something major," Pardoll said in an interview.

He said about 4 percent of advanced cancers, or 15,000 to 20,000 cases each year in the United States, carry the genetic traits addressed in the approval.

Tests for the specific genetic defects are widely available, costing between $300 and $600.

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The approval covers children and adults whose cancer has progressed despite prior treatment and those who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options, including patients whose colorectal cancer has progressed following chemotherapy.

The FDA grants accelerated approvals to drugs for serious conditions with unmet medical needs if the treatment appears to have effects deemed reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit. Merck must still conduct studies to confirm the anticipated benefit

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