First President of the United States George Washington , one of the Founding Fathers known to have grown hemp prior to prohibition

Cannabis is a drug and, as hemp , a source for fibers, oil and seed. Prior to its prohibition, U.S. politicians known for growing hemp include some of the nation's Founding Fathers and Presidents . Politicians that have admitted to recreational use of the drug following prohibition include mayors , Governors , members of the House of Representatives , Senators , and Presidents.

List of politicians who farmed hemp [ edit ]

Former President of the United States Thomas Jefferson

Parties

        Democratic-Republican         Whig         Democratic         Republican         Independent

Post-prohibition [ edit ]

In the U.S., cannabis was initially grown for industrial reasons, though recreational use spread quickly during the 20th century. Harry J. Anslinger , Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics , responded to political pressure to ban marijuana at a nationwide level. The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 created an expensive excise tax, and included penalty provisions and elaborate rules of enforcement to which marijuana, cannabis, or hemp handlers were subject. Mandatory sentencing and increased punishment were enacted when the United States Congress passed the Boggs Act of 1952 and the Narcotics Control Act of 1956. ^{[ 5 ]}

During the counterculture of the 1960s , attitudes towards marijuana and drug abuse policy changed as use became widespread among "white middle-class college students". ^{[ 6 ]} In Leary v. United States (1969), the Supreme Court held the Marihuana Tax Act to be unconstitutional since it violated the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution privilege against self-incrimination. In response, Congress passed the Controlled Substances Act as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 , which repealed the Marihuana Tax Act. ^{[ 7 ]} In 1972, the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse concluded that marijuana should be decriminalized, but that public use and driving while intoxicated should remain illegal. By the end of the decade, several states had decriminalized the drug, while many others weakened their laws against cannabis use.

However, a wave of conservatism during the 1980s allowed President Ronald Reagan to accelerate the War on Drugs during his presidency , prompting anti-drug campaigns such as the " Just Say No " campaign of First Lady Nancy Reagan . Federal penalties for cultivation, possession, or transfer of marijuana were increased by the Comprehensive Crime Control Act (1984), the Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986), and the Anti-Drug Abuse Amendment Act (1988). ^{[ 8 ]} Since California voters passed the Proposition 215 in 1996, which legalized medical cannabis , several states have followed suit. However, United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative (2001) rejected the common-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the Controlled Substances Act because Congress concluded that cannabis has "no currently accepted medical use", and Gonzales v. Raich (2005) concluded that the Commerce Clause of the Constitution allowed the federal government to ban the use of cannabis, including medical use. Today, cannabis remains classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, and possession is punishable by up to one year in jail and a minimum fine of $1,000 for a first conviction. ^{[ 9 ]}

Use by politicians following prohibition [ edit ]

Politicians that have admitted to recreational use following prohibition include mayors, Governors, members of the House of Representatives, Senators, and Presidents.

Former Vice President of the United States Al Gore

President of the United States Barack Obama

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Former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin

Former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger

Parties

        Democratic         Republican         Independent         Libertarian

See also [ edit ]

Cannabis portal

• Cannabis in the United States


• Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States


• Legal history of cannabis in the United States


• List of British politicians who admit to cannabis use

References [ edit ]