Second, Everyone but Russian Trader is on the hook here.

He smartly refused to testify.....Good Job Russian....Here's why.....

Perjury , also known as forswearing , is the willful act of swearing a false oath or of falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding. ^{[ 1 ] [ A ]} That is, the witness falsely promises to tell the truth about matters which affect the outcome of the proceeding. For example, it is not considered perjury to lie about one's age unless age is a factor in determining the legal result, such as eligibility for old age retirement benefits.

Perjury is considered a serious offense as it can be used to usurp the power of the courts, resulting in miscarriages of justice . In the United States , for example, the general perjury statute under Federal law classifies perjury as a felony and provides for a prison sentence of up to five years.