Could Silent Inflammation Originating in Jawbone Cavitations Play a Role in Activating the CCL5/CCR5 Axis in Female Breast Cancer? A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Gap in Osteoimmunological Interactions

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"Therefore, CCR5 antagonists may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with metastatic basal BC.28 BC cells stimulate de novo secretion of the chemokine CCL5/RANTES from mesenchymal stem cells, which then acts in a paracrine manner on cancer cells to promote their motility, invasion and metastasis.29 This enhanced metastatic ability is reversible and depends on CCL5 signaling via the chemokine receptor CCR5.30 In summary, specific therapies that inhibit the CCL5/CCR5 axis not only prevent tumor progression but can also significantly delay tumor growth. Specific therapies to inhibit the CCL5/CCR5 axis and potential blockers of CCR5 activity include:

A. Leronlimab is a humanized IgG4, kappa monoclonal antibody that blocks the expression of CCR5 with a long safety record treating patients with HIV.31 Leronlimab has been shown to bind to CCR5 in several BC cell lines. Binding of leronlimab to CCR5 reduced ligand-induced Ca+2 signaling.31,32"

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