Lipid nanoparticles encapsulation like what are used in mRNA Covid vaccines, and also for NTLA liver gene editing can be redosed. Anything using AAV virus capsid to sneak in some genetic material cannot because the body develops immunity to AAV the second time around. There can also be anti-leronlimab neutralizing antibodies, but more likely to be against AAV. Some patients with existing exposure/antibodies to AAV are excluded from most AAV trials. But there are several subtypes of AAV .. 2, 5, 6 are common.

Regarding sterilizing, if it isn't then will likely need more treatment but that is a problem with AAV leronlimab.

There are several HIV bnAbs in development.

https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/ke...nched.html