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larotrectinib was approved on the basis of data from 3 trials, involving 55 adults and children with 17 kinds of advanced cancer. It found that tumours shrank by 30% or more in 34 people and completely disappeared in 7. The overall response rate was 75%. For entrectinib, approval was based on 3 trials that cumulatively enrolled 54 adults and found an overall response rate of 57%. But “the response rate doesn’t mean very much in terms of survival,” says Tannock.

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