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After plugging details about 101 new drugs approved between 2015 and 2017 into a clinical trial cost estimator created by IQVIA, the authors concluded that the estimated median pivotal trial cost was $48 million, with an interquartile range of $20 million to $102 million. When you look at the 225 individual trials, the median cost was $19 million (IQR $12 million to $33 million).

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