These nanoparticles exhibit intense responses to external stimuli (e.g., incident light) and tunable emission wavelengths by interacting with targeted molecules. By varying the size of nanoparticles, broad absorption and emission spectra can be achieved, enabling the possibility of the simultaneous multiple detection (i.e., multiplex detection) of molecules at one test. In addition, nanoparticle biosensors have good photostability compared to organic dyes, due to their inert chemical properties.

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